1) Define null hypothesis.
Answer: An observation that is based on an unproven theory
2) Theoretical statistics often model pivotal variables. Define a pivotal variable/
Answer: When a distribution is fixed a pivotal variable is the function of statistics and parameters of a study
3) How is a p-value defined?
Answer: Assuming a hypothesis is true, a p-value is defined as the probability of your data being inconsistent with your hypothesis
4) Using One-Sample t-test, calculate the standard error of the mean (SEM) when the standard deviation of the original distribution is 1.25 and the sample size is 40.
Answer: SEM= s/ГN = 0.197
5) Using the SEM derived in problem 4, calculate the t-statistic when the mean sample size is 2 and the predicted value is 1.
Answer: t= x-µ/ SEM; 1/0.197= 5